Which of the following has the lowest ionization enthalpy?

4 s^{1}

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3 d^{2}

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3 p^{6}

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2 p^{6}

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Solution

The correct option is A $4 s^{1}$
Consider the options:-
A) $4 s^{1}$ - Since it has only one electron, it can be easily removed. Due to shielding effect, the energy is less.
B) $3 d^{2}$ - The $I . E$ is considerable. The energy will be greater than that of $4 s^{1}$ because of lesser shielding effect.
C) $3 p^{6}$ - Fully filled orbital, high value of $I . E$ .
D) $2 p^{6}$ - Fully filled orbital, high value of $I . E$ .
Hence, option A is the right answer.

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