Which of the following have +M effect ( $¯ e$ -donating mesomeric effect) ?

- N O_{2}

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- C O O H

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- N H_{2}

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- S R

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Solution

The correct options are
B $- N H_{2}$
D $- S R$
$- N O_{2}$ and $- C O O H$ are electron withdrawing groups whereas $- N H_{2}$ and $- S R$ have +M effect ( $¯ e$ -donating mesomeric effect) due to presence of lone pairs of electrons.

Here (C) and (D) have LP $¯ e s - ¨ N H_{2} - ¨ S R$

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