Question

Which of the following hormones is essential for maintenance of the endometrial lining?

• A. FSH
• B. LH
• C. Progesterone
• D. Testosterone

Answer 1

The correct option is C Progesterone

The hormone essential for the maintenance of the endometrial lining is progesterone. It is secreted by the corpus luteum. Supporting evidence in this aspect are that, in the absence of fertilisation, the corpus luteum degenerates within 2 weeks. This leads to a decrease in the levels of progesterone and the endometrial lining is shed in the next menstrual phase. But, incase of successful pregnancy, corpus luteum persists for as long as 3 months (the first trimester) continuing to secrete progesterone. After that, placenta takes up the function of the secretion of progesterone and corpus luteum degenerates. The maintenance and continuation of the endometrial lining is necessary for pregnancy, hence progesterone is required for this.
FSH and LH are gonadotropic hormones. FSH stimulates the development of ovarian follicles, LH stimulates ovulation of the matured follicle.
When LH acts on the theca interna layer of the secondary follicles, androgens (e.g. testosterone) are released. These androgens are then converted into estrogens by the granulosa cells of the oocyte. Testosterone doesn't help in maintaining pregnancy, on the contrary maternal testosterone modifies her energy homeostasis and decreases nutrient supplies to the placenta and fetus causing birth defects.