The correct option is A Insolation
The primary cause of heat buildup in cities is insolation i.e. absorption of solar radiation by roads and buildings. Storage of this heat by building material results in subsequent re-radiation. Due to transpiration of plant surface, its temperature does not rise 4-5 degree above the ambient and sometimes is cooler. This then translates into the cooling of the environment. Hence rooftop gardening reduces the overall heat absorption of the building which then reduces energy consumption. Thus the correct answer is option A.