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Question

Which of the following is a correct sequence of steps in a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

A
Annealing, Denaturation, Extension
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B
Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
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C
Denaturation, Extension, Annealing
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D
Extension, Denaturation, Annealing
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Solution

The correct option is B Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction.
It is a technique used to amplify DNA segments in vitro in a short time duration.
The reaction requires;
  • two sets of primers (small chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA)
  • dNTPs
  • The enzyme DNA polymerase which is thermostable, isolated from a bacterium, Thermus aquaticus. The enzyme extends the primers using the nucleotides provided in the reaction and the genomic DNA as template.
Each cycle of PCR has three steps:

1. Denaturation - The double-stranded template DNA is heated to separate it into two single strands.

2. Annealing - The temperature is lowered to enable attachment of DNA primeres to the 3' ends of the separated template strands of DNA.

3. Extension - The temperateure is raised again to allow polymerisation of the new DNA strands by Taq DNA polymerase.
Fig: Steps of PCR

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