Which of the following is a limitation of the 1st law of thermodynamics?

Energy neither created nor destroyed

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Impossible to construct the 1st kind of perpetual motion machine

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Law of conservation of energy

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Spontaneous process are irreversible

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Solution

The correct option is B Spontaneous process are irreversible
The 1st law of thermodynamics alone does not predict the direction of a process, e.g.
Can a hot object naturally cool down to a temperature below its surrounding?
Can a hot mass return to its initial position by losing its internal energy?

The first law does not distinguish between reversible and irreversible processes

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