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Liquids in Liquids

Which of the ...

Question

Which of the following is an example of a colligative property?

A

Freezing point depression

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B

Osmotic pressure

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C

Boiling point elevation

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D

Vapor pressure lowering

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E

All of the answers are correct.

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Solution

The correct option is B All of the answers are correct.
Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the ratio of the number of solute particles to the number of solvent molecules in a solution, and not on the type of chemical species present
Hence (E) all of the answer are correct.
As all these are dependent on the number of solute particles.
A : Freezing point depression
B: Osmotic pressure
C: Boiling point elevation
D: Vapor pressure lowering

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Properties such as boiling point, freezing point and vapour pressure of a pure solvent change when solute molecules are added to get homogeneous solution. These are called colligative properties. Applications of colligative properties are very useful in day-to – day life.

One of its examples is the use of ethylene glycol and water mixture as anti-freezing liquid in the radiator of automobiles.

A solution M is prepared by mixing ethanol and water. The mole fraction of ethanol in the mixture is 0.9.

Given, freezing point depression constant of water

$(K_{f}^{w a t e r}) = 1.86 K k g m o l^{- 1}$

Freezing point depression constant of ethanol

$(K_{b}^{w a t e r}) = 2.0 K k g m o l^{- 1}$

Boiling point elevation constant of water

$(K_{b}^{w a t e r}) = 0.52 K k g m o l^{- 1}$

Boiling point elevation constant of ethanol

$(K_{b}^{e t h a n o l}) = 1.2 K k g m o l^{- 1}$

Standard freezing point of water = 273 K

Standard freezing point of ethanol = 155.7 K

Standard boiling point of water = 373 K

Standard boiling point of ethanol = 351.5K

Vapour pressure of pure water = 32.8 mm Hg

Vapour pressure of pure ethanol = 40 mm Hg

Molecular weight of water $= 18 g m o l^{- 1}$

Molecular weight of ethanol $= 46 g m o l^{- 1}$

In answering the following questions, consider the solutions to be ideal dilute solutions and solutes to be non-volatile and non-dissociative.

The vapour pressure of the solution M is

Q. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
A soluble solid in solution has the effect of raising its boiling point and depressing its freezing point. The addition of non-volatile substances to a solvent decreases the vapor pressure and the added solute particles affects the formation of pure solvent crystals. According to many researches the decrease in freezing point directly correlated to the concentration of solutes dissolved in the solvent. This phenomenon is expressed as freezing point depression and it is useful for several applications such as freeze concentration of liquid food and to find the molar mass of an unknown solute in the solution. Freeze concentration is a high quality liquid food concentration method where water is removed by forming ice crystals. This is done by cooling the liquid food below the freezing point of the solution. The freezing point depression is referred as a colligative property and it is proportional to the molar concentration of the solution (m), along with vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure. These are physical characteristics of solutions that depend only on the identity of the solvent and the concentration of the solute. The characters are not depending on the solute's identity.

Identify which of the following is colligative property:

Q. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
i. Adding a solute raises the vapor pressure & boiling point.
ii. The change in boiling & freezing point depends on molality.
iii. The number of solute particles in a solvent is an important factor in determining the boiling point elevation.

Q. Consider the following statements and arrange in the order of true/false as given in the codes.

S_{1}

: Vapour pressure is a colligative property.

S_{2}

: Freezing point of a solution is always lower than that of the pure solvent.

S_{3}

: Acetic acid undergoes association in benzene. The molar mass of acetic acid, determined by elevation of boiling point is always higher than its normal molar mass.

S_{4}

: Osmotic pressure measurements can be used for determination of molar mass of polymers.

Assertion: Depression of freezing point is a colligative property.

Reason: The depression of freezing point for a solution is directly proportional to the molality of the solution.

Read the above assertion and reason and choose the correct statement regarding it.

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