The correct option is C Studying rock strata
Geologists in the late 18th and early 19th century studied sedimentary rock layers (strata) and the fossils in them to determine relative age. The principle this technique follows is that younger sedimentary rocks are deposited on top of older sedimentary rocks. Scientists thus, learned that rocks are stacked in layers, containing fossils, with the oldest fossils at the deepest layers, and the youngest, or most recent fossils, near the top. During the 20th century, however, it was realised that the age of rocks and fossils in number of years could be determined through radiometric age dating.