Question

Which of the following is/are the method(s) of soil conservation?

1. Mulching
2. Terrace farming
3. Contour barrier

[1 mark]

• A. Only 1 & 2
• B. Only 1 & 2
• C. Only 2 & 3
• D. 1, 2 & 3

Answer 1

The correct option is D 1, 2 & 3

All three are effective methods of soil conservation. Barriers can be made along points that are of the same height on mountain slopes using natural materials such as stones, grass, and soil. Trenches can be dug in front of the barriers to collect water to slow it down. This type of barrier is called a Contour Barrier.

Another way to arrest soil erosion is to carve out broad, flat steps along steep slopes.
The flatland thus created reduces the speed of water and amount of surface runoff allowing water to percolate into the soil.
It also makes available flat surfaces to grow crops. This method is called Terrace Farming, and is adopted in hilly states like Uttarakhand.

Mulching is a method used to conserve soil. Organic matter like straw is used to cover the soil and help retain soil moisture.
It forms a layer between the soil and the atmosphere, reducing evaporation of water from the soil. On top of that, over time, the mulch decays and becomes part of the soil, increasing its fertility and organic content.