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Question

Which of the following is correct for the solution showing positive deviations from Raoult's law?


A

dV=+veanddH=+ve

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B

dV=+veanddH=-ve

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C

dV=-veanddH=+ve

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D

dV=-veanddH=-ve

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Solution

The correct option is A

dV=+veanddH=+ve


The explanation for the correct answer (a)

  • Explanation: If a solution differs from Raoult's law in a positive way both its dV and dH will be positive. Most alcoholic solutions have positive deviations.
  • The positive deviation is caused by the energy-intensive breakdown of hydrogen bonds.

The explanation for the incorrect answer

(b)

  • Explanation: Raoult's law states that the vapor pressure of a solution containing a nonvolatile solute is directly proportional to the mole fraction.
  • At a given temperature, the solvent in non-perfect solutions exhibits both positive and negative departures from ideal behavior.

(c)

  • Explanation: If the solutions have a negative deviation, the negative-positive deviations dV and dH will be negative-positive deviations, which are commonly seen when a solution contains alcohol.

(d)

  • Explanation: dV and dH will be negative if the solutions have a negative deviation.
  • Acidic solutions usually show negative deviations Negative deviations result from the release of energy by hydrogen bonds in the solution.

The correct option is (a): If a solution differs from Raoult's law in a positive way, both its dV and dH will be positive alcoholic solutions usually show positive deviations the breakdown of hydrogen bonds which requires energy causes positive deviation.


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