The correct option is A Parthenium hysterophorus - Threat to biodiversity
Parthenium hysterophorus - Threat to biodiversity the option which is correctly matched. Parthenium is considered to be an invasive and aggressive colonizer.
Stratification in the field of ecology refers to the vertical layering of a habitat and not a population.
Aerenchyma is a soft plant tissue containing air spaces found in aquatic plants and not in Opuntia which is a desert plant.
An age pyramid is a tool used in demography to study the changes in a population, not a biome.