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Standard XII

Chemistry

Valency and Oxidation State

Which of the ...

Question

Which of the following is true for an object that is reduced in an oxidation-reduction reaction?

Its oxidation number increases.

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It gains electrons.

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If it is a metal being reduced, it often goes from a solid to a dissolved compound in an aqueous solution.

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In an electrochemical cell, the process occurs at the anode.

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Electrochemical Battery

An electrochemical battery is a device powered by oxidation and reduction reactions that are physically separated. So that the electrons must travel through a wire from the reducing agent to the oxidizing agent.

The reducing agent loses electrons and is oxidized in a reaction that takes place at an electrode is called the anode. The oxidizing agent gains electrons and is reduced in a reaction that takes at an electrode is called the cathode.

To maintain a net zero charge in each compartment, there is a limited flow of ions through a salt bridge.

For example, in a car battery the reducing agent is oxidized by the following reaction, which involves a lead (

P b

) anode and sulfuric acid (

H_{2} S O_{4}

). Lead sulfate (

P b S O_{4}

), protons (

H

), and electrons (

e^{-}

) are produced.

At the cathode, the below reaction occurs :

P b O_{2} + H_{2} S O_{4} + 2 H^{+} + 2 e^{-} \to

PbSO_4+2H_2O$

At the anode, the below reaction occurs :

P b + H_{2} S O_{4} \to P b S O_{4} + 2 H^{+} + 2 e^{-}

Electrons are produced by a chemical reaction that takes place at the:

Q. Assertion :In an electrochemical cell, the electrode that is the site of reduction is called the anode.
Reason: Oxidation always occurs at the cathode.

Reduction is the process in which an atom (or ion) donates an electron or hydrogen ion reducing its oxidation number.

(a) Acids dissolve in water and produce positively charged ions. Draw the structure of these positive ions.

(b) Explain why Carbon tetrachloride does not dissolve in water.

(c) Elements Q and S react together to form an ionic compound. Under normal conditions, which physical state will the compound QS exist in ?

(d) Can Q and S, both be metals ? Justify your answer.

(e) The property which is characteristic of an electrovalent compound is that :

A. it is easily vaporized,

B. it has a high melting point,

C. it is a weak electrolyte,

D. it often exists as a liquid.

(f) When a metal atom becomes an ion :

A. it loses electrons and is oxidized,

B. it gains electrons and is reduced,

C. it gains electrons and is oxidized,

D. it loses electrons and is reduced.

Choose the correct answer from the choices A, B, C and D :

(i) The property which is characteristic of an electrovalent compound is that :

A. it is easily vaporized,

B. it has a high melting point,

C. it is a weak electrolyte,

D. it often exists as a liquid.

(ii) When a metal atom becomes an ion :

A. it loses electrons and is oxidized,

B. it gains electrons and is reduced,

C. it gains electrons and is oxidized,

D. it loses electrons and is reduced.

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