Which of the following methods, A, B, C, D, or E is generally used for preparing the chlorides listed below from (i) to (v). Answer by writing down the chloride and the letter pertaining to the corresponding method. Each letter is to be used only once.

A. The action of an acid on a metal,

B. The action of an acid on an oxide or carbonate,

C. Direct combination,

D. Neutralization of an alkali by an acid

E. Precipitation (double decomposition)

(i) Copper (II) chloride

(ii) Iron (II) chloride

(iii) Iron (III) chloride

(iv) Lead (II) chloride

(v) Sodium chloride

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Solution

(i) Copper (II) chloride - (B) Action of an acid on an oxide or carbonate
(ii) Iron (II) chloride - (A) Action of acid on metal
(iii) Iron (III) chloride - (C) Direct combination
(iv) Lead (II) chloride - (E) Precipitation (double decomposition)
(v) Sodium chloride - (D) Neutralization of an alkali by an acid

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Q. Which of the following methods, (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) is generally used for preparing the chlorides listed below from (i) to (v). Answer by writing down the chloride and the letter pertaining to the corresponding method. Each letter is to be used only once.
(a) Action of an acid on a metal.
(b) Action of an acid on an oxide or carbonate.
(c) Direct combination.
(d) Neutralisation of an alkali by an acid.
(e) Precipitation (double decomposition).
(i) copper (II) chloride
(ii) iron (III) chloride)
(iii) iron (II) chloride
(iv) lead (II) chloride
(v) sodium chloride

Q. Name the method used for preparation of the following salts from the list given below:
(i) Sodium nitrate
(ii) Iron (III) chloride
(iii) Lead chloride
(iv) Zinc sulphate
(v) Sodium hydrogen sulphate.
List:
(a) Simple displacement
(b) Neutralization
(c) Decomposition by acid
(d) Double decomposition
(e) Direct synthesis

Q. (a) Write the balanced equations for the preparation of the following compounds (as the major product), starting from iron and using only one other substance:
(i) iron (II) chloride
(ii) iron (III) chloride
(iii) iron (II) sulphate
(iv) iron (II) sulphide
(b) Write the equations for the laboratory preparation of
(i) sodium sulphate using dilute sulphuric acid.
(ii) lead sulphate using dilute sulphuric acid.

(b) From the list of substances given below, choose the pair required to prepare the salts (i) to (iii) in the laboratory and write down the relevant equations. The substances are
chlorine, iron, lead, lead nitrate solution, sodium nitrate solution, iron (III) carbonate, lead carbonate, iron (III) hydroxide, sodium hydroxide solution and dilute hydrochloric acid. The salts are
(i) sodium chloride.
(ii) lead chloride.
(iii) anhydrous iron (III) chloride.

Q. (a) Define the following terms:
(i) Acid
(ii) pH scale
(iii) Neutralisation.

(b) (i) Outline the steps that would be necessary to convert insoluble lead (II) oxide into insoluble chloride.
(ii) Write the balanced equations for the reaction required to convert insoluble lead (II) oxide into insoluble lead chloride.
(iii) If iron reacts with dilute sulphuric acid, what will be the products?
(iv) A solution of iron (III) chloride has a pH less than 7. Is the solution acidic or alkaline?

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