Which of the following methods is used for the removal of temporary hardness of water?

Treatment with washing soda

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Calgon method

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Ion-exchange method

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Clark's method

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Solution

The correct option is D Clark's method
In Clark's process, slaked lime, $C a (O H)_{2}$ is added to temporary hard water. Insoluble calcium carbonate precipitate out and no longer produce hardness.
Clark's process involves the addition of a controlled quantity of slaked lime (calcium hydroxide)
$C a (H C O_{3})_{2} (a q) + C a (O H)_{2} (a q) \to 2 C a C O_{3} (s) + 2 H_{2} O (l)$

$M g (H C O_{3})_{2} (a q) + C a (O H)_{2} (a q) \to C a C O_{3} (s) + M g C O_{3} (s) + 2 H 2 O (l)$
Slaked lime is itself a source of calcium ions (and hence hardness) so care must be taken to avoid adding an excess.

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