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Question
Which of the following option gives the correct order of steps in somatic hybridization?
Which of the following option gives the correct order of steps in somatic hybridization?
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Solution
The correct option is C Cell wall removal ➡ Protoplasm fusion ➡ Cell wall formation ➡ Callus formation
Somatic hybridization is a technique of formation of hybrids through protoplast fusion. The hybrids formed by this method are called somatic hybrids.
The different steps involved in somatic hybridization are as follows:
i) Cell wall removal - Plant cells lacking cell wall are called protoplasts. To obtain protoplasts the cell walls are removed using pectinase and cellulase.
ii) Fusion of protoplasm - Fusion between protoplasts of the selected parents is induced by a solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or a very high voltage electric current. Fusion of protoplasm involved the fusion of their cytoplasm and nuclei also.
iii) Formation of cell wall - The fused protoplasts are allowed to grow on a culture medium. Soon they regenerate cell wall.
iv) Callus formation : The cells begin to divide and form callus. Callus is an irregular, unorganized and undifferentiated mass of actively dividing cells. Callus give rise to plantlets by the action of shoot and root promoting hormones.
Figure : Protoplast fusion
For example, pomato is a somatic hybrid obtained between tomato and potato. In pomato, cherry tomatoes were grow on the vine while white potatoes emerge from the same plant in the soil. Scientists were able to create pomato but it lacked many desired characteristics. Thus commercial production of pomato never occurred.
Figure : Pomato
Somatic hybridization is a technique of formation of hybrids through protoplast fusion. The hybrids formed by this method are called somatic hybrids.
The different steps involved in somatic hybridization are as follows:
i) Cell wall removal - Plant cells lacking cell wall are called protoplasts. To obtain protoplasts the cell walls are removed using pectinase and cellulase.
ii) Fusion of protoplasm - Fusion between protoplasts of the selected parents is induced by a solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or a very high voltage electric current. Fusion of protoplasm involved the fusion of their cytoplasm and nuclei also.
iii) Formation of cell wall - The fused protoplasts are allowed to grow on a culture medium. Soon they regenerate cell wall.
iv) Callus formation : The cells begin to divide and form callus. Callus is an irregular, unorganized and undifferentiated mass of actively dividing cells. Callus give rise to plantlets by the action of shoot and root promoting hormones.
Figure : Protoplast fusion For example, pomato is a somatic hybrid obtained between tomato and potato. In pomato, cherry tomatoes were grow on the vine while white potatoes emerge from the same plant in the soil. Scientists were able to create pomato but it lacked many desired characteristics. Thus commercial production of pomato never occurred.
Figure : PomatoSuggest Corrections
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