The correct option is C Inflammation of bronchioles; Decreased respiratory surface
Asthma is a respiratory disorder in which inflammation of the airways (bronchi and bronchioles) causes airflow into and out of the lungs to be restricted. The symptoms usually include coughing, difficulty in breathing etc. This breathing difficulty leads to wheezing which is a high-pitched, coarse whistling sound.
Emphysema is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the alveolar walls are damaged. This decreases the respiratory surface and, in turn, the amount of oxygen that reaches the bloodstream. Cigarette smoking is one of the major causes of this respiratory disorder.