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Standard X
Biology
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the ...
Question

Which of the following organelles is shared by prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cells?

A
Sphaerosomes
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B
Ribosomes
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C
Lysosomes
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D
All of the above
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Solution

The correct option is B Ribosomes
Ribosomes are naked ribonucleoprotein particles found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes are present inside organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. They are also present outside the cell organelles. The ribosomes present outside the cell organelles are present free in the cytoplasm and on membranes of endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane. Sphaerosomes and lysosomes are absent in the prokaryotic cells.

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Q. Which of these statements is/are true?

(i) The surface area available for cellular functions in a prokaryotic cell is less than that in a eukaryotic cell.
(ii) The total genome size of a prokaryotic cell is always less than that of a eukaryotic cell.
(iii) Unlike eukaryotes, no special respiratory organelles are found in prokaryotes. Hence they respire at a much less rate than eukaryotes.
(iv) Eukaryotic cells show various membrane-bound organelles such as chloroplasts and nucleus while ribosomes are the only membrane-bound organelles found in prokaryotes.

Q. Which cell organelle is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Q.

Fill in the gaps in the following table illustrating differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cell

1.

Size: generally small ( 1-10 µm) 1 µm== 10-6 m

1.

Size: generally large (5-100 µm)

2.

Nuclear region: _____________________________ and is known as ________.

2.

Nuclear region: well-defined and surrounded by a nuclear membrane

3.

Chromosome: single

3.

More than one chromosome

4.

Membrane-bound cell organelles are absent

4.

________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q.
Read the passage and answer the following question.

Ribosomes are the smallest cell organelles which can be seen only through an electron microscope. They are found in both prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes are dense, round bodies which occur freely in the cytoplasm and may remain attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Chemically, ribosomes are made up of ribonucleoprotein (in eukaryotic cells, the constituent of the ribosome is 40% protein and 60% ribosomal RNA). Ribosomes help in the process of protein synthesis. They are, therefore, called as the protein factories of the cell.

Which of the following is called as "protein factories of the cell"?
Q. Assertion :The cells that have membrane bound organelles are called eukaryotic. Reason: The cells that lack membrane bound organelles are called prokaryotic.
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