Which of the following oxide is thermally least stable?

C a O

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A l_{2} O_{3}

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F e_{2} O_{3}

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A g_{2} O

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Solution

The correct option is D $C a O$
The melting points and thermal stability of the oxides are determined by the nature of the distribution of valent electrons from the components over localized and nonlocalized ones and by the probability of the formation of stable electron configurations of transition metal and oxygen atoms. The drop in statistical weight of stable configurations and increase in proportion of nonlocalized electrons results in a drop in melting point and thermal stability of the oxides.
Calcium oxide is thermally least stable as it reacts exothermically with water producing hydroxide.
$C a O + H_{2} O ⇌ C a (O H)_{2}$

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