Which of the following representation of $i$ (van't Hoff factor) is not correct?

i = \frac{O b s e r v e d c o l l i g a t i v e p r o p e r t y}{E x p e c t e d c o l l i g a t i v e p r o p e r t y}

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i = \frac{n o r m a l m o l e c u l a r m a s s}{O b e r v e d m o l e c u l a r m a s s}

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i = \frac{N u m b e r o f m o l e c u l e s a c t u a l l y p r e s e n t}{N u m b r o f m o l e c u l e s e x p e c t e d t o b e p r e s e n t}

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i = \frac{T o t a l n u m b e r o f p a r t i c l e s t a k e n b e f o r e a s s o c i a t i o n / d i s s o c i a t i o n}{N u m b e r o f p a r t i c l e s a f t e r a s s o c i a t i o n / d i s s o c o a t i o n}

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Solution

The correct option is C $i = \frac{T o t a l n u m b e r o f p a r t i c l e s t a k e n b e f o r e a s s o c i a t i o n / d i s s o c i a t i o n}{N u m b e r o f p a r t i c l e s a f t e r a s s o c i a t i o n / d i s s o c o a t i o n}$
The van't Hoff theory describes that substances in dilute solution obey the ideal gas laws, resulting to the osmotic pressure formula $π = (n / V) R T = [C i] R T$ where R is the gas constant, T the absolute temperature, and [ $C i$ ] the molar concentration of solute $i$ in dilute solution (1).

It is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. It is also defined as the measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent osmosis.

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