The correct option is D Some of the liberals and radicals turned into revolutionaries in Germany and Russia.
The liberals and radicals opposed the privileges by birth exercised by the old aristocracy. They believed in the value of an individual’s effort, labour and venture. They also believed that a modern society would develop if the individuals who owned industries were ensured freedom to operate without restraints from the government. They worked to overthrow the existing monarchs to create nation-states, giving rise to the concept of nationalism.