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Question

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of natality and immigration on population density?

A
Neither of them affect population density
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B
Natality has a positive effect whereas immigration has a negative effect on population density
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C
Both have a negative effect on population density
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D
Both have a positive effect on population density
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Solution

The correct option is D Both have a positive effect on population density
Population density is the number of individuals present per unit area.

Natality (B) is the number of births during a given period that is added to the already existing population.
Immigration (I) refers to the number of individuals of the same species that move into the population, from elsewhere, during a given time period.

In both these processes, individuals are added to the population and hence it results in an increase in population density. If the population density at time t is Nt and the population density at time t+1 is Nt+1, then the effect of mortality and immigration on population density can be represented as -
Nt+1 = [Nt + (B+I)]
This shows that both natality and immigration have a positive effect on population density.

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