Aneuploidy is the condition characterized by the loss or gain of one or few chromosomes leading to an unbalanced chromosome complement.
It is caused due to the failure of the homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II.
One of the examples is Down’s syndrome in which the affected individual has three copies of the 21st chromosome in all the diploid cells.
Failure of cytokinesis leads to the presence of multiple sets of chromosomes in a cell. This condition is called polyploidy.