The correct option is D All of the above
According to faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, the emf across a conductor is produced whenever there is a change in the magnetic flux i.e. amount of magnetic field lines passing through a given area of cross-section of the conductor.
The emf only exists as long as the change in the magnetic flux is not zero.
The magnitude of the emf depends on the rate of change of magnetic flux linked with the circuit.