Question

Which of the following substances is associated with the weakest electrostatic forces of attraction?

• A. $HCl$
• B. $NaCl$
• C. $Na$
• D. ${Cl}_2$

Answer 1

The correct option is D

${\mathrm{Cl}}_2$

The explanation for the Correct answer

(d) ${\mathrm{Cl}}_2$

Since the electron pairs in chlorine molecule are contributed by both the bonded atoms forming the covalent molecule are equally shared. Therefore, the chlorine molecule has a weak electrostatic force of attraction.

The explanation for the incorrect answer

(a) $\mathrm{HCl}$

Since the electron pairs in hydrogen chloride are contributed by both the bonded atoms of the molecule by unequal sharing of electrons. Slight positive and negative charges are developed on the bonded atoms. Therefore, the electrostatic force of attraction is strong.

(b) $\mathrm{NaCl}$

In$\mathrm{NaCl}$, the transfer of electrons takes place between the metals and non-metal. This bond is formed by the electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ions. Therefore, they have strong electrostatic force.

(c) $\mathrm{Na}$

In$\mathrm{Na}$, there is only a positive ion and no negative ion is present. Therefore, the electrostatic force of attraction does not exist.

Therefore, ${\mathrm{Cl}}_2$ has the weakest electrostatic force of attraction.