Which of the following substances will cause permanent hardness of water?

Mg(HCO₃)₂

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Ca(HCO₃)₂

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MgSO₄

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NaCl

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Solution

The correct option is C
MgSO₄

The explanation for the correct option
Permanent hardness is caused by the presence of the following salts in water-
Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄) and Magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄)
Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂)
The explanation for the incorrect options
Magnesium bicarbonate Mg(HCO₃)₂is responsible for the temporary hardness of the water.
Calcium bicarbonate Ca(HCO₃)₂is responsible for the temporary hardness of the water.
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is neither responsible for the temporary nor permanent hardness of the water.
Hence option (c) is the correct option. The permanent hardness of water is caused by Magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄).

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