The correct option is D The breakup of the former Ottoman Empire into several new states
Post World War 1, many empires came to an end, The Austria-Hungary Empire, German Empire and Empire in the Middle East , The Ottoman Empire. Ottoman Empire was fighting alongside The Central Powers in World War 1, and the central powers lost to the Entente Powers and Ottoman Empire was dissolved eventually and was divided into two political spheres , controlled by British and France, Iraq, Transjordan and Palestine were under British Influence and Syria and Lebanon were under France's influence. Turkey was retained in Europe and declared a republic.