The correct option is D All of above
Ports of Italian sub-continent, Italian cities of Florence and Venice began to mint their own coins, Concessions provided by the Italian cities to their merchants were the favourable conditions for growth of Italian cities during 13th century. Italian city-states trading during the late Middle Ages set the stage for the Renaissance by moving resources, culture, and knowledge from the East. In the 13th century, much of Europe experienced strong economic growth. The city-states of Italy expanded greatly during this period, and grew in power to become independent of the Holy Roman Empire.