Which of the following were the earliest methods of calculating time?
Sundial
Hourglass
The Sumerians used sundial and hourglass to calculate the time. Sundial was used to calculate time based on the position of the sun and the shadow it would cast. The hourglass is a sand timer where it takes one hour for the sand to get completely transferred from one chamber to the other. After every hour, it has to be manually flipped to keep the sand flowing.
Pendulum clocks and wall clocks are more advanced mechanical clocks.