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Colligative Properties

Which of the ...

Question

Which of the followings is a colligative property

A

Osmotic pressure

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B

Boiling point

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C

Vapour pressure

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D

Freezing point

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Solution

The correct option is A Osmotic pressure
Only Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.

‘Relative lowering of vapour pressure of the solvent’ is a colligative property but not only vapour pressure. Similar argument for boiling point and freezing point

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Properties such as boiling point, freezing point and vapour pressure of a pure solvent change when solute molecules are added to get homogeneous solution. These are called colligative properties. Applications of colligative properties are very useful in day-to – day life.

One of its examples is the use of ethylene glycol and water mixture as anti-freezing liquid in the radiator of automobiles.

A solution M is prepared by mixing ethanol and water. The mole fraction of ethanol in the mixture is 0.9.

Given, freezing point depression constant of water

$(K_{f}^{w a t e r}) = 1.86 K k g m o l^{- 1}$

Freezing point depression constant of ethanol

$(K_{b}^{w a t e r}) = 2.0 K k g m o l^{- 1}$

Boiling point elevation constant of water

$(K_{b}^{w a t e r}) = 0.52 K k g m o l^{- 1}$

Boiling point elevation constant of ethanol

$(K_{b}^{e t h a n o l}) = 1.2 K k g m o l^{- 1}$

Standard freezing point of water = 273 K

Standard freezing point of ethanol = 155.7 K

Standard boiling point of water = 373 K

Standard boiling point of ethanol = 351.5K

Vapour pressure of pure water = 32.8 mm Hg

Vapour pressure of pure ethanol = 40 mm Hg

Molecular weight of water $= 18 g m o l^{- 1}$

Molecular weight of ethanol $= 46 g m o l^{- 1}$

In answering the following questions, consider the solutions to be ideal dilute solutions and solutes to be non-volatile and non-dissociative.

The vapour pressure of the solution M is

Q. The experimental values of colligative properties of many solutes in solution resembles calculated values of colligative properties.
However in some cases, the experimental values of colligative properties differ widely than those obtained by calculations. Such experimental values of colligative properties are known as abnormal values of colligative properties. The causes for abnormal values of colligative properties are:
(i) Dissociation of solute: It increases the colligative properties.
e.g.: Dissociation of

KCl, NaCl

H_{2} O

.
(ii) Association of solute: It decreases the colligative properties.
e.g.: Dimerisation of acetic acid in benzene.

If the degree of dissociation of an electrolyte

A_{2} B_{3}

is 25% in a solvent, then:

Q. At very low pressure what is the boiling point and freezing point of water?

How does pressure affect the boiling any melting/freezing point of a substance ?

Q. The experimental values of colligative properties of many solutes in solution resembles calculated values of colligative properties.
However in some cases, the experimental values of colligative properties differ widely than those obtained by calculations. Such experimental values of colligative properties are known as abnormal values of colligative properties. The causes for abnormal values of colligative properties are:
(i) Dissociation of solute: It increases the colligative properties.
e.g.: Dissociation of

KCl, NaCl

H_{2} O

.
(ii) Association of solute: It decreases the colligative properties.
e.g.: Dimerisation of acetic acid in benzene.

One mole of

I_{2}

(solid. is added in

1 M

KI

solution. Then,

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