Question

Which one of the following analogies does not resemble the reasoning given by the author in this passage?

• A. A student knows he will definitely get the first rank because he works very hard compared to all the other students and he does get the first rank
• B. A woman firmly believes that her husband's nick name begins with a "P”, but who believes this because she thinks that his nick name is Prince but actually it is Pauper
• C. A person, whose horse is very lucky, believes that his horse will win the race and his horse being lucky wins the race.
• D. Both (a) and (c)

Answer 1

The correct option is A A student knows he will definitely get the first rank because he works very hard compared to all the other students and he does get the first rank

Let us look at these lines in the second paragraph:
"There is the man who believes, truly, that the last name of the Prime Minister in 1906 began with a B, but who believes this is because he thinks that Balfour was Prime Minister then, whereas in fact it was Campbell-Bannerman. There is the lucky optimist who, having bought a ticket for a lottery, has an unshakeable conviction that he will win, and, being lucky, does win. Such instances can be multiplied indefinitely, and show that you cannot; claim to have known merely because you turned out to be right.”
Only option (a) does not match the reasoning given by the author. Option (b) and (c) do match the reasoning. So the answer is option (a).