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Disorders of the Respiratory System

Which one of ...

Question

Which one of the following is the correct statement for respiration in humans?

A

Cigarette smoking may lead to inflammation of bronchi.

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B

Neural signals from pneumotaxic center in pons region of brain can increase the duration of inspiration.

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C

Workers in grinding and stone-breaking industries may suffer from lung fibrosis.

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D

About 90% of carbon dioxide is carried by haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin.

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Solution

The correct option is C Workers in grinding and stone-breaking industries may suffer from lung fibrosis.
Workers in industries involving grinding and stone-breaking are constantly exposed to a huge amount of dust. A long term exposure to such a huge amount of dust could result in inflammation of the fibrous tissues of the lungs, causing lung fibrosis.

Cigarette smoking most commonly results in emphysema.
The pneumatic center inhibits inspiration by controlling the "switch-off" of inspiration.
Much of the carbon dioxide in blood (70%) is transported as bicarbonate, 20-25% as carbamino-hemoglobin by the RBCs, and around 7% as dissolved in blood plasma.

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Q. Many factory workers began suffering from pulmonary fibrosis in a stone breaking facility. Out of concern for his workers, the manager consulted a physician. Which of the following advice would this physician have given in order to prevent more workers from getting fibrosis?

Q. People working in industries that are involved in grinding and stone-breaking are prone to suffer from:

Q. Match the following columns and select the correct option:

Column - I	Column - II
(a)	Pneumotaxic centre	(i)	Alveoli
(b)	$O_{2}$ dissociation curve	(ii)	Pons region of brain
(c)	Carbonic anhydrase	(iii)	Haemoglobin
(d)	Primary site of exchange of gases	(iv)	R.B.C.

Q. Consider the following four statements and select the correct option stating which ones are true (T) and which ones are false (F).
(i) Expiration is normally brought about by the relaxation of inspiratory muscles.
(ii) Oxyhaemoglobin can hold much less carbon dioxide in the form of carbaminohaemoglobin than what deoxyhaemoglobincan.
(iii) A person can expel air the air from the lungs by a forceful expiration.
(iv) A rise in

P C O_{2}

increases the oxygen - affinity of haemoglobin.

Q. Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows.

Smoking is dangerous. The nitrogen dioxide in the smoke of a cigarette can produce a solution of acid capable of burning holes in a nylon stocking. And this gas is the agent in cigarette smoke that scientists think may cause emphysema, in which whole clusters of alveoli are gradually destroyed. Only the recovery period between each cigarette and the remarkable mechanism of the lungs and the body enzymes in detoxifying and eliminating poisonous substances show its destructiveness. But Dr. Hurst Hatch flatly declares that anyone who regularly smokes two packets a day will eventually develop emphysema; may die of it if smoking continues.
In prolonged, excessive smoking, the cilia are eventually destroyed. Deposits of tars and volatile condensates in cigarette smoke can then accumulate on the unprotected bronchial surfaces, directly attacking the naked cells. When these cells develop damaged nuclei and become disordered, the result is the first stage of lung cancer.

The writer's opinion about smoking is ______.

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