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Preparation of Sodium Hydroxide

Which one of ...

Question

Which one of the following reactions is not associated with the Solvay process of manufacture of sodium carbonate?

N a C l + N H_{4} H C O_{3} \to N a H C O_{3} + N H_{4} C l

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2 N a O H + C O_{2} \to N a_{2} C O_{3} + H_{2} O

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2 N a H C O_{3} \to N a_{2} C O_{3} + H_{2} O + C O_{2}

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N H_{3} + H_{2} O + C O_{2} \to N H_{4} H C O_{3}

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Solution

The correct option is B $2 N a O H + C O_{2} \to N a_{2} C O_{3} + H_{2} O$
In the first step, $C O_{2}$ is made to pass through a concentrated aqueous solution of $N a C l$ and $N H_{3}$ .
$N a C l + C O_{2} + N H_{3} + H_{2} O ⟶ N a H C O_{3} + N H_{4} C l$ - (1)

The bicarbonate precipitates out and because the solution is already basic it is less soluble than $N a C l$ .
The $C O_{2}$ needed for teh above reaction is derived from calcination of limestone:

$C a C O_{3} ⟶ C O_{2} + C a O$ - (2)

The $N H_{4} C l$ from the first reaction (1) is made to react with the $C a O$ obtained from calcination (2):

$2 N H_{4} C l + C a O ⟶ 2 N H_{3} + C a C l_{2} + H_{2} O$

Observe the products of this reaction - particularly $C a C l_{2}$ and $N H_{3}$ .
The former is a useful by-product while ammonia is recycled or fed back into the very first reaction at the top.

The sodium bicarbonate $N a H C O_{3}$ precipitated out initially from the first reaction is then converted to the final product,
sodium carbonate $N a_{2} C O_{3}$ , by calcination (160–230 °C), producing water and carbon dioxide as by-products:

$2 N a H C O_{3} ⟶ N a_{2} C O_{3} + H_{2} O + C O_{2}$

The carbon dioxide from step (IV) is recovered for re-use in step (I).

Suggest Corrections

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(A) Δ - \to (B) + {CO}_{2}

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(F) + NaCl \to G H e a t - -- \to {Na}_{2} {CO}_{3} + {CO}_{2} + H_{2} O

{(D) is a gas which is soluble in H}_{2} O

2 N a C l + C a C O_{3} \to N a_{2} C O_{3} + C a C l_{2}

C a C O_{3} Δ - \to [A] + [B]

N a C l + N H_{3} + [B] + H_{2} O \to [C] + [D]

2 [C] \to N a_{2} C O_{3} + H_{2} O + [B]

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