Which one of the following sets of ions represents a collection of isoelectronic species?

K^{+}, C l^{-}, C a^{2 +}, S c^{3 +}

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B a^{2 +}, S r^{2 +}, K^{+}, S^{2 -}

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N^{3 -}, O^{2 -}, F^{-}, S^{2 -}

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L i^{+}, N a^{+}, M g^{2 +}, C a^{2 +}

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Solution

The correct option is A $K^{+}, C l^{-}, C a^{2 +}, S c^{3 +}$
Isoelectronic species are those species which contains same number of electrons.
(a) $K^{+} = 19 - 1 = 18 e^{-}$
$C l^{-} = 17 + 1 = 18 e^{-}$
$C a^{2 +} = 20 - 2 = 18 e^{-}$
$S c^{3 +} = 21 - 3 = 18 e^{-}$
Thus, all the species are isoelectronic.
(b) $B a^{2 +} = 56 - 2 = 54 e^{-}$
$S r^{2 +} = 38 - 2 = 36 e^{-}$
$K^{+} = 19 - 1 = 18 e^{-}$
$S^{2 -} = 16 + 2 = 18 e^{-}$
Thus, these species are not isoelectronic.
(c) $N^{3 -} = 7 + 3 = 10 e^{-}$
$O^{2 -} = 8 + 2 = 10 e^{-}$
$F^{-} = 9 + 1 = 10 e^{-}$
$S^{2 -} = 16 + 2 = 18 e^{-}$
Thus, these species are not isoeletronic.
(d) $L i^{+} = 3 - 1 = 2 e^{-}$
$N a^{+} = 11 - 1 = 10 e^{-}$
$M g^{2 +} = 12 - 2 = 10 e^{-}$
$C a^{2 +} = 20 - 2 = 18 e^{-}$
Thus, these species are not isoeletronic.

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