Which one of the following undergoes reaction with $50 %$ sodium hydroxide solution to give the corresponding alcohol and acid?

Phenol

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Benzaldehyde

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Butanal

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Benzoic acid

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Solution

The correct option is B Benzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde undergoes reaction with 50% sodium hydroxide solution to give benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid.
$P h C H O N a O H - --- \to P h C O O N a + P h C H_{2} O H$ .
This is an example of Cannizzaro Reaction which is a redox disproportionation reaction.

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Which one of the following would undergo hydrolysis most readily with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form the corresponding hydroxy derivatives?

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