Which substance/ion is oxidised and which substance/ion is reduced in the following reaction?
$2 M n O_{4}^{-} + 16 H^{+} + 5 C_{2} O_{4}^{2 -} \to 2 M n^{2 +} + 8 H_{2} O + 10 C O_{2}$ .

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Solution

$2 M n O_{4}^{-} + 16 H^{+} + 5 C_{2} O_{4}^{2 -} \to 2 M n^{2 +} + 8 H_{2} O + 10 C O_{2}$ .
Oxidised- $C_{2} O_{4}^{2 -}$ The oxidation number of C increases from +3 to +4. Thus, C itself is oxidised and acts as reducing agent.
Reduced- $M n O_{4}^{-}$ . The oxidation number of Mn decreases from +7 to +2. Thus, Mn itself is reduced and acts as oxidising agent.

Note:
Any species that is oxidised acts as reducing agent.
Any species that is reduced acts as oxidising agent.

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