Question

Which takes more time - attracting a charge of opposite polarity or attracting a neutral body?

Answer 1

Attracting a charge of opposite polarity will be fast.
Because the force of attraction is more in that case.Also the attracting forces are electromagnetic forces, which are powerful in nature.

Also you might be thinking whether neutral bodies can be attracted by charged bodies.

The answer is YES. Charged particles indeed attract uncharged ones.

This is due to the phenomenon of "Charging by Induction". When a charged body(say negatively charged) is brought near an uncharged one, it induces an opposite charge(positive) on it and hence attracts it towards itself.

But charging by induction takes time and hence, attracting a neutral body will take more time.
Hope this helps.
Good luck.