Which type of hardness can be removed by adding washing soda to hard water? Explain your answer.

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Solution

To remove the permanent hardness of water, it is treated with a calculated amount of soda ash or washing soda.

When washing soda or soda ash is added to hard water, the corresponding insoluble carbonates settle down and can be removed by filtration.

$C a {(H C O_{3})}_{2} + N a_{2} C O_{3} ⟶ C a C O_{3} + 2 N a H C O_{3}$

$M g {(H C O_{3})}_{2} + N a_{2} C O_{3} ⟶ M g C O_{3} + 2 N a H C O_{3}$

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