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Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction

white phospho...

Question

white phosphorus reacts with caustic soda,the products are PH3 and NaH2PO2.This reaction is an example of :
(A) Oxidation
(B) Reduction
(C) Disproportionation
(D) Neutralisation

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Solution

$P_{4} + 3 N a O H + 3 H_{2} O \to P H_{3} + 3 N a H_{2} P O_{2} O x i d a t i o n s t a t e o f P i n t h e L H S s i d e = 0 I n r i g h t s i d e P H_{3} x + 3 (+ 1) = 0 x = - 3 N a H_{2} P O_{2} 1 + 2 (1) + x + 2 (- 2) = 0 x = + 1 T h u s f r o m 0 o x i d a t i o n s t a t e t h e r e i s b o t h r e d u c t i o n i n t h e o x i d a t i o n n o a n d i n c r e a s e i n o x i d a t i o n n o o c c u r . T h e f i r s t r e a c t i o n i s r e d u c t i o n a n d s e c o n d r e a c t i o n i s o x i d a t i o n . S u c h t y p e o f r e d o x r e a c t i o n f r o m t h e s a m e m o l e c u l e i . e ., o n e u n d e r g o e s o x i d a t i o n a n d o n e u n d e r g o e s r e d u c t i o n i s c a l l e d d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t i o n r e a c t i o n .$

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