Question

who were the idols of three main social thinkers during the late 18 century in france

Answer 1

Dear Student,

It is ideas, of the three main social thinkers

a. Contrary to the theory of divine rights of the kings which sought to ​explain how the king or the monarch is the representative of God on earth and has the derived his authority from the God to rule on his subjects. This way monarchial regime of the 16th and 17th century sought to give legitimacy to their rule, many Philoshpers in the 18th century rejected such a theory.
b. Philosphers like John Locke refuted the theory of divinity and absolute rights of the monrach. He indeed propagated the most influential theory of natural rights based on the premise that their are certain rights which are endowed in an individuals by law of nature. The government so formed according to Locke must defend and protect the natural rights of the individual.
c.These rights according Locke were right to life, liberty and property.
d. These rights are inalienable that is they cannot be detached from a person and that government cannot take them or intervene with them. Nobody can deprive an individual of his right of preservation of life, liberty and possession , his right of equality.
e. Montesquieu​'s philosophy outlined constitutional monarchy and division of powers. He was against the concentration of powers.This system prevents arbitrary exercise of power.
f. Rousseau asserted the belief that government must be based on the consent of the people, resulting out of a social contract between the ruler and the ruled and that people have right to change the government if they are not satisfied, thus upholding power of the people and guranteeing them freedom to chose and society based on justice and fairplay

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