Air pollution is the emission of pollutants into the air that are damaging to human health and the environment, such as gases, particles, and biological molecules.
When the new car's fuel burns, it produces Nitrogen and Sulfur oxides, which contribute to smog and acid rain. Air pollution is mostly caused by these gases.
A catalytic converter is fitted in the car because:
It uses catalysts such as Platinum, Rhodium, and Palladium to transform toxic gases into less harmful ones.
It transforms poisons into less dangerous gases like Carbon dioxide and water vapor.