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Binary Compounds - Hydrides

Why are eleme...

Question

Why are elemental dopants for Silicon or Germanium usually chosen from group XIII or group XV?

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Solution

$D o p a n t s a r e c h o s e n f r o m e i t h e r f r o m t h e 3^{r d} o r 5^{t h} g r o u p o f p e r i o d i c t a b l e b e c u a s e o n a d d i n g i m p u r i t y t o t h e e l e m e n t s o f 4^{t h} g r o u p s u c h a s S i l i c o n o r G e r m a n i u m, e i t h e r t h e r e i s s u r p l u s o r d e f f i c i e n c y o f e l e c t r o n s b y o n e i n o r d e r t o a c q u i r e s t a b l e a t o m i c s t r u c t u r e . T h e r e f o r e t h e e x t r i n s i c s e m i c o n d u c t o r s m a d e f r o m e i t h e r S i l i c o n o r G e r m a n i u m a r e e i t h e r d o n o r o r a c c e p t o r t y p e s .$

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Gallium and germanium (discovered later) are placed below aluminium and silicon in their respective groups. The names of Gallium and Germanium as given by Mendeleev are Eka-aluminium and Eka-silicon.

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Q. Gallium and germanium (discovered later) were placed below aluminium and silicon in their respective groups. The names given by Mendeleev for Gallium and Germanium are Eka-aluminium and Eka-silicon. Similarly, the gap that he has left for the undiscovered element that comes after aluminium is given the name Eka-aluminium.

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