Dear Student,
The d-block elements are those elements in which last differentiating electron ( valence electron) enters the d orbital.
The transition elements have general electronic configuration (n-1)d1-10 ns1-2.
Therefore, in transition elements the last differentiating electron or the valence electron enters into (n-1) d orbital and hence they are called as d-block elements.
Hope this answers your question.
Regards