why beryllium sulphate and magnesium sulphate soluble in water,while calcium sulphate is not?

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Solution

As the size of cation increases, solubility decreases.
Two factors are involved in dissolving:

Lattice energy

Enthalpy of hydration.

Be²⁺ and Mg²⁺ are the smallest cations of group 2 elements, thus having highest hydration enthalpy. Thus, their sulphates are soluble. However, Ca²⁺ is larger in size, so it has least hydration enthalpy. Thus CaSO₄is insoluble.

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