Plants absorb as many nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous, calcium, and potassium. from the soil as necessary for their normal development. They absorb all the nutrients from the soil.
When using the land for agricultural purposes, we grow plants over and over again.So after each harvest, plants absorbs many more nutrients from the soil. Over time, the concentration of the most important macronutrients in the soil decreases. This process is called soil depletion. This effects the growth of the plants.
To retain soil fertility it is necessary to replenish nutrients by returning to the soil at least the same amount. So we use fertilizers which contains the essential nutrients. Fertilisers provide plants with the essential chemical elements needed for growth particularly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.