Question

Why do $HCl,H_{2}S{O}_4,HN{O}_3,$ etc., show acidic character in aqueous solutions while solutions of compounds like $C_6{H}_{12}{O}_6$ (glucose) and $C_2{H}_{5}OH$ (alcohol) do not show acidic character ?

Answer 1

HCl and $HN{O}_3$ are strong acids (polar in nature) thus releases $H^{+}$ ions when dissolved in aqueous solutions whereas glucose and alcohol molecules are not acids (and non-polar in nature) so, they cannot release $H^{+}$​​​​​​​ ions in aqueous solutions. Alcohols partially release $H^{+}$​​​​​​​ ions in aqueous solutions, so they are considered as weak acids.
$HCl⟶H^{+}+C{l}^{-}$

Although aqueous solutions of glucose and alcohol contain hydrogen, these cannot dissociate in water to form hydrogen ions. Hence, they do not show acidic character.
The dissociation of HCl or $HN{O}_3$​​​​​​​ to form hydrogen ions always occurs in the presence of water. Hydrogen ions ($H^{+}$​​​​​​​ ​​​​​​​) combine with $H_{2}O$ to form hydronium ions ( $H_3{O}^{+}$​​​​​​​).

$H_{2}O+H^{+}⟶H_3{O}^{+}$