Question

Why do transition elements show variable oxidation state?

Explain their catalytic properties in details.

Answer 1

The valance electrons of the transition elements are in $(n-1)d$ and $ns$ orbitals which have a little distinction in energies both the energy levels can be utilised as a part of bond development.

$\to$ They demonstrate $+2$ os, because of ${2e}^{-}$ in $ns$ orbitals when the $e^{-}$ of $(n-1)d$ stay unaffected.

$\to$ when they utilise $4s$ and $3d$ $e^{-}$, higher $(+3)-(+7)$ 0.5 can be made. Thus, transition elements show variable oxidation state (OS).

$\to$ The ability of transition metals to accept $e^{-}$ from ligands (due to unfilled d-orbitals) made them good for catalysis.