The half side of the Moon appears dark, as we always see the bright part of the Moon. The reason is that both the Earth and the Moon rotate on their axis. They have the same rotational period; therefore, we get to see only half side of the Moon.
The Moon orbits Earth once every 27.3 days and spins on its axis once every 27.3 days. This means that although the Moon is rotating, it always keeps one face toward us. Known as “synchronous rotation,” this is why we only ever see the Moon's nearside from Earth