Why do we see this happening?
(a) People look up when an aeroplane passes overhead, high up in the sky.
(b) When a beam of light flashes on the eyes, the eyes close quickly.
(c) When there is the slightest sound, a cat pricks up its ears.
(d) If somebody shouts suddenly right behind us, we get startled.
(a) Sound produced by the aeroplane acts as a stimulus and people respond to it by looking up in the sky.
(b) The beam of light is a stimulus received from the surroundings and we respond to it by closing the eyes in order to protect them from bright light.
(c) When there is the slightest sound, a cat pricks up its ears in order to listen carefully and locate the exact source or direction from where the sound is coming. It is a response to stimulus.
(d) If somebody shouts suddenly right behind us, a sudden noise acts as a stimulus and we get startled in response to that noise.