Question

Why an electron loses potential energy when reaching the negative end of the battery?

Answer 1

Explanation:

1. The potential difference $V$ between two points is defined as the work per unit charge required to move the charge between the two points.
2. As the charge $Q$ moves through resistance connected to the terminals of a battery the battery does work $\left(QV\right)$ to move the charge between the terminals against the electrical resistance of the circuit, and the charge loses potential energy in the form of heat dissipated in the resistors.
3. The negative charge repels electrons, while the positive charge attracts them.
4. As a result, electrons in an electric field must shift from low-potential to high-potential locations due to the impact of electrical forces.

Therefore, when an electron reaches the negative end of a battery, it loses potential energy.