Surface phenomena, which take place at the boundaries between liquid and solid phases, can be simply physical in nature, or chemical changes can accompany them.
Capillary phenomena are surface phenomena related to surface tension and resulting from the modification of liquid boundary surfaces.
Evaporation
Water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor through the process of evaporation.
The primary pathway by which water returns to the water cycle as atmospheric water vapor from the liquid state is evaporation.
Evaporation is a surface phenomenon.
During evaporation, the molecules with higher kinetic energy escape into the air from the uppermost layer of the liquid, making it a surface phenomenon.
When water is exposed to sunlight for an extended period of time, the temperature of the water rises.
As a result, the hydrogen bonds of water at the surface start to break, and the dissociated molecules start to rise.
As a result, evaporation occurs from the outside but not from the inside.